Efektivitas Zakat Produktif dalam Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Mustahik: Tinjauan Sistematis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56633/jsie.v7i2.1650Keywords:
Zakat Produktif, Pemberdayaan Ekonomi, Mustahik, Kesejahteraan Ekonomi, Systematic Literature ReviewAbstract
Zakat produktif merupakan salah satu instrumen pemberdayaan ekonomi yang dapat mendukung peningkatan pendapatan, kesejahteraan, dan kemandirian mustahik melalui bantuan modal, pelatihan, pendampingan, serta pengembangan usaha. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis efektivitas zakat produktif dalam pemberdayaan ekonomi mustahik serta mengidentifikasi mekanisme dan faktor yang memengaruhi keberhasilan program. Penelitian menggunakan metode Systematic Literature Review (SLR) dengan pedoman PRISMA 2020. Penelusuran literatur dilakukan melalui basis data Scopus pada September 2026 menggunakan kombinasi kata kunci terkait zakat, pemberdayaan, kemiskinan, kesejahteraan, dan pembangunan ekonomi. Sebanyak 667 artikel teridentifikasi dan setelah proses seleksi berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi diperoleh 366 artikel empiris yang dianalisis. Data dianalisis menggunakan sintesis deskriptif kuantitatif dan sintesis tematis kualitatif. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa zakat produktif berkontribusi terhadap peningkatan pendapatan, perkembangan usaha, kesejahteraan, dan kemandirian ekonomi mustahik. Program yang banyak ditemukan meliputi bantuan modal usaha dan kewirausahaan mikro, skema Qardhul Hasan dan cash transfer, serta pemberdayaan berbasis komunitas. Efektivitas program dipengaruhi oleh integrasi bantuan finansial dengan pelatihan dan pendampingan, kapasitas kewirausahaan mustahik, tata kelola lembaga zakat, akses pasar, serta kondisi ekonomi. Dengan demikian, zakat produktif berpotensi menjadi instrumen pemberdayaan ekonomi yang lebih berkelanjutan apabila dilaksanakan melalui pendekatan terintegrasi dan didukung evaluasi dampak jangka panjang.
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