The Will of a Non-Muslim Wife Reviewed According to Maqashid Syariah (Analysis of Supreme Court Decision Number 16/K/AG/2010)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56633/jkp.v21i2.1298Keywords:
Mandatory Wills, Non-Muslim Wives, Maqashid Sharia, Rulings, Inheritance LawAbstract
This research aims to analyze the legal considerations of Supreme Court Justices in Decision Number 16/K/Ag/2010 and evaluate them through the perspective of Maqashid Shariah. The method employed is library research using a normative approach, where primary legal materials from the Supreme Court decision are examined through descriptive and content analysis. The results indicate that the justices' consideration for granting a mandatory will (wasiat wajibah) to a non-Muslim widow is based on Yusuf al-Qaradawi’s jurisprudence, which emphasizes mutual assistance over religious differences. This stance aligns with the views of Ibn Taymiyyah, Ibn al-Qayyim, and MUI Fatwa Number 5/MUNAS VII/MUI/9/2005. From the Maqashid Shariah perspective, this decision fulfills the objective of public interest (maslaha), specifically the protection of life (hifz al-nafs). By providing a portion of the estate, the ruling ensures economic security for the widow in her old age, regardless of her faith, thereby achieving substantive justice and social welfare
References
Abd al-Qadir ibn Hirzillah, al-Madkhal ila ‘Ilm Maqasid al-Shari‘ah, (Riyaḍ: Maktabat al-Rushd Nashirun, 2005).
Abd. al-Wahhab Khallaf, ‘Ilm Usul al-Fiqh, (Kairo: Dar al-Qalam, 1978), Cet. XII.
Abdul Baqi, Muhammad Fuad, Al-lu’lu wal Marjan (Mutiara Hadist sahih Bukhari dan Muslim), (Jakarta: Ummul Qura, 2015).
Abdul Helim, Maqashid Al Syariah Versus Ushul Fiqh (Konsep dan Posisinya Dalam Metodologi Hukum Islam, (Jogjakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2019).
Abu Hamid Muḥammad Ibn Muḥammad Ibn Muhammad al-Ghazali, al-Mustasfa fī ‘Ilm al-Usul, (Beirut-Lebanon: Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyah, 2000).
Abu Ishaq Al Shatibi, al-Muwafaqat fi Usul al-Shari‘ah, (al-Mamlakah al-’Arabiyah al-Su’udiyah: Wuzarat al-Shu’un al Islamiyah wa al-Awqaf wa al-Da’wah wa al-Irshad, t.th.), Jilid I, Volume II.
Adib Bisri dan Munawwir Al Fatah, Kamus Al Bisri, (Jakarta: Pustaka Progresif, 1999).
Aḥmad al-Raysuni, al-Bahth fi al-Maqasid al-Sari‘ah: Nash’atuhu wa Taṭawwuruhu wa Mustaqbilihu, (London: Mu’assasat al-Furqan li Turath al-Islami, 2005).
Ahmad Baihaqi, Penerapan Wasiat Wajibah Dalam Putusan Penyelesaian Sengketa Waris Beda Agama Ditinjau Dari Perspektif Hukum Islam, (Jakarta: Jurnal Krtha Bhayangkara, Volume 15, Nomor 1, 2021).
Ahmad bin Hanbal, Musnad Ahmad, (Beirut: Dar al-Sadir, 1992).
Ahmad Rofiq, Hukum Islam di Indonesia, (Jakarta: PT Raja Grafindo Persada, 1998), Cet. 3.
Al Ghazali, Al-Mustashfa Fi'ilm al-Ushul, (Beirut al-Kutub al-Ilmiyah, 1983).
Al-Jaziri, Abdurrahman, al-Fiqhu ‘ala Mazahibi al-arba’ah, (ttp : tp, tt).
Al-Qurthubi, Jamiul Ahkam fî Tafsir al-Qur'an, (Bayrut: Dar al-Fikr, t.th).
Al-Syaukani, Nail Al-Autar, (Kairo: Dar al-Turats, 1974).
Al-Turmudzi, Sunan Al-Turmudzi, (Beyrut: Daar al-Fikr, 1980, Juz II, hal. 292. Lihat juga Sri Hidayati, Ketentuan Wasiat Wajibah di Pelbagai Negara Muslim Kontemporer, (Jakarta: Jurnal Ahkam, Vol.XII, No.1, Januari 2012).
Bambang Sugono, Metodologi Penelitian Hukum, (Jakarta: PT Raja Gravindo Persada, 2009).
Bismar Siregar, Perkawanin, Hibah dan Wasiat dalam Pandangan Hukum Bangsa, (Yogyakarta: Fakultas Hukum UI, 1985).
Chairu Ummam Pasaribu dan Suhrawardi K. Lubis, Hukum Perjanjian Dalam Islam, (Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 1994).
Departemen Agama Republik Indonesia, Al Qur’an dan Terjemahannya, (Jakarta: Syamil Qur’an, 207).
Fakhr al-Din Muḥammad ibn ‘Umar ibn al-Husayn Al-Razi, al-Mahsul fi ‘Ilm al-Usul, (Damaskus-Suriah: Mu’assasat al-Risalah, t.th), Volume 5.
Fatchur Rahman, Ilmu Waris, (Bandung: Pustaka al-Ma’arif, 1981), Cet. Ke 2.
Fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) Nomor: 5/MUNAS VII/MUI/9/2005 tentang Kewarisan Beda Agama.
Ibn Hazm, Al-Muhalla, (al-Qahirah: Maktabah al-Jumhuriyyah al-Arabiyyah, 1970).
Ibn Qudamah, Al-Mughni, (Beirut: Dar’ al-Kitab Al-Ilmiyyah, tth), Juz VI.
Ibnu Kasir, Tafsir Ibnu Katsir, (Bayrut: Dar al-Fikr, t.th).
Instruksi Presiden Nomor 10 Tahun 1991 tentang Penyebarluasan Kompilasi Hukum Islam.
Ismail bin Katsir, Tafsir Ibnu Katsir, (Mesir: Dar al-Hadits, tt), Jilid I.
Jamal al-Din ‘Aṭiyah, Naḥwa Taf‘il Maqasid al-Shari‘ah, (Damaskus: Dar al-Fikr, 2003).
Keputusan Direktorat Jenderal Badan Peradilan Agama Nomor 1669/DJA/HK.00/5/2021 tentang Jaminan Pemenuhan Hak-hak Perempuan dan anak Pasca Perceraian.
Lexy J. Moleong, Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif, (Bandung: PT. Remaja Rosdakarya, 2002), Cet. Ke-16.
Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia, Kompilasi Hukum Islam, (Jakarta: Badilang, 2010).
Muhammad Isna Wahyudi, Melacak Ilat Hukum Larangan Waris Beda Agama, (Jurnal Hukum dan Peradilan, Volume 10, Nomor 1, 2021).
Murtadlo Muthahari, Hak-hak Wanita dalam Islam, (Jakarta: Lentera, 1995).
Noeng Muhaadjir, Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif, (Yogysksrta: Rake Sarasin, 1991).
Puslitbang Hukum dan Peradilan Badan Litbang Diklat Kumdil Mahkamah Agung RI, Dinamika Hukum Kewarisan Islam Terkait Pembagian Harta Warisan Bagi Ahli Waris Beda Agama: Studi Analisis Putusan Peradilan Agama di Indonesia, (Jakarta: Laporan Penelitian, 2016).
Putusan Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia Nomor: 16/K/Ag/2010.
Rohmawati, Progresivitas Hukum Kewarisan Beda Agama di Indonesia, Berbasis Keadilan dan Maslahah, (International Jurnal Ihya Ulum Al-Din, Volume 20, Nomor 2, 2018).
Sayyid Quthub, Tafsir fi Zhilalil Quran, (Beirut: Kitab al-Arabi, 1973).
Seojono dan Abdurrahman, Metode Penelitian (Suatu Pengantar dan Penerapan), (Jakarta: Rieneka Cipta,1999).
Sri Hidayati, Ketentuan Wasiat Wajibah di Pelbagai Negara Muslim Kontemporer, (Jakarta, Jurnal Ahkam, Vol. XII, No.1 Januari 2012).
Surat Edaran Mahkamah Agung Nomor 3 Tahun 2018 tentang Pemberlakuan Rumusan Hasil Rapat Pleno Kamar Mahkamah Agung Tahun 2018 Sebagai Pedoman Pelaksanaan Tugas Bagi Pengadilan.
Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 yang sudah direvisi dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 16 tahun 2019 tentang Perkawinan.
Wahbah Al Zuhaili, Fiqh Al Islam Wa Adillatuhu, (Damaskus: Dar’ al-Fikr, 1996).
Yusuf Al-Qardawi, Fiqh Maqashid Syariʻah, (Jakarta: Pustaka Al-Kautsar, 2006).
Zaitunah Subhan, Qodrat Perempuan Taqdir atau Mitos, (Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pesantren, 2004).
Ilham, Muhammad. "Nikah Beda Agama dalam Kajian Hukum Islam dan Tatanan Hukum Nasional." TAQNIN: Jurnal Syariah dan Hukum 2, no. 1 (2020).
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Khoiri
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
