Analisis Pendapat Imam Syafii tentang Zakat Harta bagi Anak Kecil dan Orang Gila
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56633/jkp.v12i2.14Abstract
One of compulsory requirement of zakat maal (wealth) is baliqh and rational people, then children and madman haven’t to pay zakat, but Imam Syafii in his Bible Al-Umm obligate zakat maal toward children and madman. In this case explained that they got prevalent wealth. The aim of this research is to know and analyze hoe Imam Syafii’s opinion about obligation of wealth zakat to children and madman. This research used library research by using primary law substance that was a Al-Umm bible. On the other hand, secondary law substance was bible that related with this research. After obtaining the data and arranging in a clear framework by using analysis content method and descriptive. The result of research was Imam Syafii in his Bible Al-Umm obligated wealth zakat to children and madman. In this case the obligation to get prevalent wealth such as heritage and living that gave by parents. The cause of distinction was theologian’s comprehension was different toward generality of surat At-Taubah ayat 103 and obligation requirement of provision in paying zakat. Istinbat method that was used by Imam Syafii was qiyas. Beside that he also stated based on hadits,” please looking for orphan’s wealth by using a good measure as a religious meal”. Shadaqah means wealth zakat By considering ikhtiat toward obligation and looking at terrible threat to people who were unwilling for paying zakat, so the children and madman obligate for paying zakat maal (wealth), in this case zakat was paid by rheir guardian.
[Salah satu syarat wajib zakat mal (harta) adalah baligh dan berakal, maka anak kecil dan orang gila tidak diwajibkan membayar zakat. Teapi Imam Syafi’i didalam kitabnya Al-Umm mewajibkan zakat mal atas anak kecil dan orang gila. Hal ini sebagaimana wajibnya mereka mendapatkan harta yang sudah lazim. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis bagaimana pendapat Imam Syafi’i tentang kewajiban zakat harta bagi anak kecil dan orang gila. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kepustakaan (library research) dengan bahan hukum primer yaitu Kitab Al-Umm. Sedangkan bahan hukum sekunder yaitu kitab/buku yang berhubungan dengan penelitian. Setelah data dikumpulkan dan disusun dalam kerangka yang jelas, lalu dianalisa dengan menggunkan metode Conten Analysis dan deskriptif. Hasil penelitian yaitu bahwa Imam Syafii didalam kitabnya Al-Umm mewajibkan zakat harta atas anak kecil dan orang gila. Hal ini sebagaimana wajibnya mereka mendapatkan harta yang sudah lazim. Seperti warisan atau nafkah atas orang tua. Sebab terjadinya perbedaan, karena pemahaman para ulama yang berbeda terhadap keumuman surat At-taubah ayat 103 dan ketentuan syarat wajib dalam mengeluarkan zakat. Metode istinbat yang digunakan Imam Syafii adalah qiyas. Selain itu beliau juga berlandaskan hadits, “Carilah dalam harta anak-anak yatim takaran yang baik sebagai shadaqah”. Maksud shadaqah disitu adalah zakat harta. Dengan mempertimbangkan kehati-hatian (ikhtiat) terhadap kewajiban zakat dan melihat dahsatnya acaman bagi orang-orang yang enggan membayar zakat, maka sebaiknya anak kecil dan orang gila wajib untuk mengeluarkan zakat mal (harta), dalam hal ini dibayarkan oleh walinya.]
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